北京和伊斯兰堡冬季PM10中物质浓度和化学组分的对比

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2019.039

《山东大学学报(理学版)》 ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 42-49, 56.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2019.039

北京和伊斯兰堡冬季PM₁₀中物质浓度和化学组分的对比

吴宪初^1,²(),陈彬^1,^3,*(),温天雪¹,SHAHIDImran⁴,HABIBAmmara¹,石广玉¹

1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049
3. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210044
4. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

收稿日期:2018-12-01 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-06-27
通讯作者: 陈彬 E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn;chen_bin@mail.iap.ac.cn
作者简介:吴宪初(1994—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为大气气溶胶理化特性及环境效应. E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院国际伙伴计划(134111KYSB20180021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41590871);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0504000);科技部国际科技合作与交流专项(2013DFG22820)

Comparison of concentrations and chemical compositions of PM₁₀ during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing and Islamabad

Xian-chu WU^1,²(),Bin CHEN^1,^3,*(),Tian-xue WEN¹,Imran SHAHID⁴,Ammara HABIB¹,Guang-yu SHI¹

1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
4. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

Received:2018-12-01 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-06-27
Contact: Bin CHEN E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn;chen_bin@mail.iap.ac.cn
Supported by:
中国科学院国际伙伴计划(134111KYSB20180021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41590871);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0504000);科技部国际科技合作与交流专项(2013DFG22820)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究对比北京、伊斯兰堡冬季PM₁₀中重金属、水溶性无机离子以及碳组分的污染特征,于2014年12月—2015年1月分别在两地每天采集1次PM₁₀样品,对大气颗粒物中以上3种物质的质量浓度进行了分析。结果表明,两地PM₁₀中重金属污染情况较为严重,北京地区的As、Cr(Ⅵ)以及伊斯兰堡的Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)均超过WHO标准。根据主成分分析,北京重金属主要排放源为燃煤和移动源,而伊斯兰堡主要为移动源。两地颗粒物中水溶性无机离子二次污染情况较为严重,在霾天浓度也同样会上升,虽然污染程度不同,但造成霾天污染的一个重要原因均为机动车等移动源。对于碳组分,北京OC、EC线性关系较好(特别是在非霾天),说明其来源比较相似和简单,在排放后被类似的过程所控制,主要为煤炭燃烧和汽车排放;而伊斯兰堡OC、EC线性关系较差,在非霾天甚至出现负相关,说明其来源差别较大,主要为汽车排放。北京地区在研究期间SOC的质量浓度为2.58 μg/m³,仅占OC质量浓度的10.1%,而伊斯兰堡基本没有SOC的生成。

关键词: 北京, 伊斯兰堡, PM₁₀, 重金属, 水溶性无机离子

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of heavy metals, water-soluble inorganic ions and carbon components in winter PM₁₀ in Beijing and Islamabad, PM₁₀ samples were collected at urban site in Beijing and Islamabad from December 2014-January 2015. The concentrations of above three compositions of PM₁₀were analyzed. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals were at high levels during sampling period in both two sites. The concentrations of As、Cr(Ⅵ) in Beijing and Cd、Cr(Ⅵ) in Islamabad were both exceeded the WHO guideline. Heavy metals were enhanced during haze days. The main sources of heavy metals were coal burning and automobile in Beijing, while in Islamabad was mainly automobile according to PCA. Secondary pollution of water-soluble inorganic ions in atmosphere in both sites was heavy. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions also enhanced due to automobile. Correlation between OC and EC was strong(especially in non-haze days) in Beijing but it was low in Islamabad. They implied that OC and EC tended to be mainly from the same primary sources and were controlled by similar processes after being emitted in Beijing, mainly due to coal burning and automobile; but the source of carbonaceous species was relatively complex in Islamabad. The concentration of SOC in sampling period in Beijing was 2.58 μg/m³, accounting for only 10.1% of the OC mass concentration; while there was basically no SOC in Islamabad.

Key words: Beijing, Islamabad, PM₁₀, heavy metal, water-soluble inorganic ions

中图分类号:

P402

吴宪初,陈彬,温天雪,SHAHIDImran,HABIBAmmara,石广玉. 北京和伊斯兰堡冬季PM₁₀中物质浓度和化学组分的对比[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2019, 54(7): 42-49, 56.

Xian-chu WU,Bin CHEN,Tian-xue WEN,Imran SHAHID,Ammara HABIB,Guang-yu SHI. Comparison of concentrations and chemical compositions of PM₁₀ during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing and Islamabad[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2019, 54(7): 42-49, 56.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表3

参考文献 29

1	LIMBECK A , WANGNER C , LENDL B , et al. Determination of water-soluble trace metals in airborne particulate matter using a dynamic extraction procedure with on-line inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric detection[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2012, 750: 111- 119. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.005
2	SATO K , TAMURA T , FURUTA N . Partitioning between soluble and insoluble fractions of major and trace elements in size-classified airborne particulate matter collected in Tokyo[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2008, 10 (2): 211- 218. doi: 10.1039/B709937A
3	谢华林, 张萍, 贺惠, 等. 大气颗粒物中重金属元素在不同粒径上的形态分布[J]. 环境工程, 2002, 20 (6): 55- 57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8942.2002.06.018
	XIE Hualin , ZHANG Ping , HE Hui , et al. Distribution of heavy metal elements in the different diametral atmospheric particulate matters[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2002, 20 (6): 55- 57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8942.2002.06.018
4	方凤满. 中国大气颗粒物中金属元素环境地球化学行为研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19 (4): 979- 984. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.04.042
	FANG Fengman . Research on environmental geochemistry of metal elements in atmospheric particles in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19 (4): 979- 984. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.04.042
5	CHOI J , FUENTES M , REICH B J . Spatial-temporal association between fine particulate matter and daily mortality[J]. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2009, 53 (8): 2989- 3000.
6	KANG C M , LEE H S , KANG B W , et al. Chemical characteristics of acidic gas pollutants and PM_2.5 species during hazy episodes in Seoul, South Korea[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004, 38 (28): 4749- 4760. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.007
7	KIM K W , KIM Y J , BANG S Y . Summer time haze characteristics of the urban atmosphere of Gwangju and the rural atmosphere of Anmyon, Korea[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008, 141 (1/2/3): 189- 199.
8	XIE P , ZHOU X , DUAN J C , et al. Chemical characteristics of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in PM_2.5 in Beijing, China: 2011—2012[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017, 183: 104- 112. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.08.020
9	曹双, 吴丹, 陈利珍, 等. 中国大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的污染特征[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2016, 39 (8): 103- 115.
	CAO Shuang , WU Dan , CHEN Lizhen , et al. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions of aerosol in China: a review[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2016, 39 (8): 103- 115.
10	安欣欣, 张大伟, 冯鹏, 等. 北京城区夏季PM_2.5中碳组分和二次水溶性无机离子浓度特征[J]. 环境化学, 2016, 35 (4): 713- 720.
	AN Xinxin , ZHANG Dawei , FENG Peng , et al. Characteristics of carbon components and secondary water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in summer[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 35 (4): 713- 720.
11	李英红.兰州市大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)化学成分污染特征及来源分析[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2015.
	LI Yinghong. Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric fine particles in Lanzhon city[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015.
12	CHOW J C , WATSON J G , CHEN L W , et al. The IMPROVE-a temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: maintaining consistency with a long-term database[J]. Air Waste Manage, 2007, 57 (9): 1014- 1023. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014
13	ZHANG Y , HUANG W , CAI T Q , et al. Concentrations and chemical compositions of fine particles (PM_2.5) during haze and non-haze days in Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016, 174: 62- 69.
14	ZHAO P S , DONG F , HE D , et al. Characteristics of concentrations and chemical compositions for PM_2.5 in the region of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13: 4631- 4644. doi: 10.5194/acp-13-4631-2013
15	谭吉华, 段菁春. 中国大气颗粒物重金属污染、来源及控制建议[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2013, 30 (2): 146- 155.
	TAN Jihua , DUAN Jingchun . Atmospheric heavy metals and arsenic in China: situation, sources and control policies[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2013, 30 (2): 146- 155.
16	高杨.成都理工大学校园内大气降尘中重金属铬的分布及形态分析研究[D].成都:成都理工大学, 2007.
	GAO Yang. The research about the distribution and modality analysis of chromium in the dust full on the campus of Chengdu University of Technology[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2007.
17	吴兑. 再论都市霾与雾的区别[J]. 气象, 2006, 32 (4): 9- 15.
	WU Dui . More discussions on the differences between haze and fog in city[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2006, 32 (4): 9- 15.
18	王晴晴, 谭吉华, 马永亮, 等. 佛山市冬季PM_2.5中重金属元素污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32 (8): 1384- 1391. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2012.08.007
	WANG Qingqing , TAN Jihua , MA Yongliang , et al. Characteristics of heavy metals in PM_2.5during winter in Foshan City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32 (8): 1384- 1391. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2012.08.007
19	周友亚, 颜增光, 周光辉, 等. 制定场地土壤风险评价筛选值中关注污染物的预筛选方法[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2011, 3 (1): 264- 269.
	ZHOU Youya , YAN Zengguang , ZHOU Guanghui , et al. Contaminants of concern screening method in establishing screening levels for soil risk assessment of contaminated sites[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2011, 3 (1): 264- 269.
20	TAIWO A M , HARRISON R M , SHI Z . A review of receptor modelling of industrially emitted particulate matter[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 97: 107- 120.
21	DUAN J C , TAN J H . Atmospheric heavy metals and arsenic in China: situation, sources and control policies[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 74: 93- 101. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.031
22	XIAO Y S , LIU C Q . Chemical characteristics of water-soluble components in TSP over Guiyang, SW China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 38 (37): 6297- 6306.
23	YANG F , TAN J H , ZHAO Q , et al. Characteristics of PM_2.5 speciation in representative megacities and across China[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2011, 11 (11): 5207- 5219. doi: 10.5194/acp-11-5207-2011
24	WATSON J G , CHOW J C , HOUCK J E . PM_2.5chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995[J]. Chemosphere, 2001, 43 (8): 1141- 1151. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00171-5
25	HE K B , YANG F M , MA Y L , et al. The characteristics of PM_2.5 in Beijing, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2001, 35 (29): 4959- 4970. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00301-6
26	宋宇, 唐孝炎, 方晨, 等. 北京市大气细粒子的来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2002, 23 (6): 11- 16.
	SONG Yu , TANG Xiaoyan , FANG Chen , et al. Source apportionment on fine particles in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2002, 23 (6): 11- 16.
27	TURPIN B J , HUNTZICKER J J . Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1995, 29 (23): 3527- 3544. doi: 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00276-Q
28	ZHANG Y X , SCHAUER J J , ZHANG Y H , et al. Characteristics of particulate carbon emissions from real-world Chinese coal combustion[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, 42 (14): 5068- 5073. doi: 10.1021/es7022576
29	CASTRO L M , PIO C A , HARRISON R M , et al. Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmosphere: estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009, 33 (17): 2771- 2781.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

重金属	北京/ (ng·m^-3)	伊斯兰堡/ (ng·m^-3)	环境空气质量标准/ (ng·m^-3)	WHO标准/ (ng·m^-3)	中国平均水平/ (ng·m^-3) ^[21]
Zn	415.41	1 050.36			424.5
Pb	183.59	155.65	500	500	261.0
Mn	105.23	80.52		150	198.8
Cu	82.37	58.95			117.0
As	16.10	4.44	6	6.6	51.0
V	7.99	9.63		1 000	17.9
Cr^*	49.80	89.50	0.025	0.25	85.7
Cd	4.53	5.28	5	5	13.2

重金属	北京			伊斯兰堡
重金属	主因子1	主因子2	主因子3	主因子1	主因子2	主因子3
Zn	0.705	0.545	-0.613	0.509	0.747	-0.098
Pb	0.679	0.257	0557	0.668	0.448	0.007
Mn	0.886	0.443	0.449	0.338	0.905	0.012
Cu	0.643	0.409	0.098	0.908	0.104	-0.027
As	0.827	0.256	0.109	0.205	0.845	0.002
V	0.333	0.698	0.289	0.126	0.887	-0.096
Cr	0.367	0.662	0.443	0.209	0.942	-0.005
Cd	0.798	0.148	0.295	0.345	0.825	-0.018
Ti	0.202	0.198	0.889	0.279	0.334	0.807
Ba	0.11	0.009	0.927	0.409	0.116	0.817
贡献率/%	40	24.4	14.5	39	20.9	13.5

[1]	孙笑川,王德良,王元兰,詹慧莹. Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究[J]. 山东大学学报（理学版）, 2016, 51(7): 137-142.
[2]	徐洁,侯万国,*,周维芝,台培东,王文兴 . 东北草甸棕壤对重金属铅的吸附行为研究[J]. J4, 2007, 42(5): 50-54 .

北京和伊斯兰堡冬季PM₁₀中物质浓度和化学组分的对比

Comparison of concentrations and chemical compositions of PM₁₀ during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing and Islamabad

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 29

相关文章 2

多维度评价

本文评价

推荐阅读 10

观测项目	北京			伊斯兰堡
观测项目	观测期间	霾天	非霾天	观测期间	霾天	非霾天
OC	25.67	38.19	19.80	23.66	28.03	19.96
EC	14.23	23.32	9.95	23.84	27.79	20.54
SOC	2.58	—	3.48	—	—	—
SOC/OC	0.10	—	—	—	—	—