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《山东大学学报(理学版)》 ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 42-49, 56.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2019.039

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北京和伊斯兰堡冬季PM10中物质浓度和化学组分的对比

吴宪初1,2(),陈彬1,3,*(),温天雪1,SHAHIDImran4,HABIBAmmara1,石广玉1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049
    3. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210044
    4. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-01 出版日期:2019-07-20 发布日期:2019-06-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈彬 E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn;chen_bin@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:吴宪初(1994—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为大气气溶胶理化特性及环境效应. E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院国际伙伴计划(134111KYSB20180021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41590871);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0504000);科技部国际科技合作与交流专项(2013DFG22820)

Comparison of concentrations and chemical compositions of PM10 during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing and Islamabad

Xian-chu WU1,2(),Bin CHEN1,3,*(),Tian-xue WEN1,Imran SHAHID4,Ammara HABIB1,Guang-yu SHI1   

  1. 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
    4. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
  • Received:2018-12-01 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-06-27
  • Contact: Bin CHEN E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn;chen_bin@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    中国科学院国际伙伴计划(134111KYSB20180021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41590871);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0504000);科技部国际科技合作与交流专项(2013DFG22820)

摘要:

为了研究对比北京、伊斯兰堡冬季PM10中重金属、水溶性无机离子以及碳组分的污染特征,于2014年12月—2015年1月分别在两地每天采集1次PM10样品,对大气颗粒物中以上3种物质的质量浓度进行了分析。结果表明,两地PM10中重金属污染情况较为严重,北京地区的As、Cr(Ⅵ)以及伊斯兰堡的Cd、Cr(Ⅵ)均超过WHO标准。根据主成分分析,北京重金属主要排放源为燃煤和移动源,而伊斯兰堡主要为移动源。两地颗粒物中水溶性无机离子二次污染情况较为严重,在霾天浓度也同样会上升,虽然污染程度不同,但造成霾天污染的一个重要原因均为机动车等移动源。对于碳组分,北京OC、EC线性关系较好(特别是在非霾天),说明其来源比较相似和简单,在排放后被类似的过程所控制,主要为煤炭燃烧和汽车排放;而伊斯兰堡OC、EC线性关系较差,在非霾天甚至出现负相关,说明其来源差别较大,主要为汽车排放。北京地区在研究期间SOC的质量浓度为2.58 μg/m3,仅占OC质量浓度的10.1%,而伊斯兰堡基本没有SOC的生成。

关键词: 北京, 伊斯兰堡, PM10, 重金属, 水溶性无机离子

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of heavy metals, water-soluble inorganic ions and carbon components in winter PM10 in Beijing and Islamabad, PM10 samples were collected at urban site in Beijing and Islamabad from December 2014-January 2015. The concentrations of above three compositions of PM10were analyzed. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals were at high levels during sampling period in both two sites. The concentrations of As、Cr(Ⅵ) in Beijing and Cd、Cr(Ⅵ) in Islamabad were both exceeded the WHO guideline. Heavy metals were enhanced during haze days. The main sources of heavy metals were coal burning and automobile in Beijing, while in Islamabad was mainly automobile according to PCA. Secondary pollution of water-soluble inorganic ions in atmosphere in both sites was heavy. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions also enhanced due to automobile. Correlation between OC and EC was strong(especially in non-haze days) in Beijing but it was low in Islamabad. They implied that OC and EC tended to be mainly from the same primary sources and were controlled by similar processes after being emitted in Beijing, mainly due to coal burning and automobile; but the source of carbonaceous species was relatively complex in Islamabad. The concentration of SOC in sampling period in Beijing was 2.58 μg/m3, accounting for only 10.1% of the OC mass concentration; while there was basically no SOC in Islamabad.

Key words: Beijing, Islamabad, PM10, heavy metal, water-soluble inorganic ions

中图分类号: 

  • P402

图1

北京PM10中重金属浓度分布(除地壳元素)"

图2

伊斯兰堡PM10中重金属浓度分布(除地壳元素)"

表1

北京、伊斯兰堡PM10中重金属质量浓度和《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)、WHO标准以及中国平均水平对比"

重金属北京/ (ng·m-3)伊斯兰堡/ (ng·m-3)环境空气质量标准/ (ng·m-3)WHO标准/ (ng·m-3)中国平均水平/ (ng·m-3) [21]
Zn415.411 050.36424.5
Pb183.59155.65500500261.0
Mn105.2380.52150198.8
Cu82.3758.95117.0
As16.104.4466.651.0
V7.999.631 00017.9
Cr*49.8089.500.0250.2585.7
Cd4.535.285513.2

表2

北京、伊斯兰堡PM10中重金属主成分分析结果"

重金属北京伊斯兰堡
主因子1主因子2主因子3主因子1主因子2主因子3
Zn0.7050.545-0.6130.5090.747-0.098
Pb0.6790.25705570.6680.4480.007
Mn0.8860.4430.4490.3380.9050.012
Cu0.6430.4090.0980.9080.104-0.027
As0.8270.2560.1090.2050.8450.002
V0.3330.6980.2890.1260.887-0.096
Cr0.3670.6620.4430.2090.942-0.005
Cd0.7980.1480.2950.3450.825-0.018
Ti0.2020.1980.8890.2790.3340.807
Ba0.110.0090.9270.4090.1160.817
贡献率/%4024.414.53920.913.5

图3

北京非霾天、霾天OC、EC线性关系"

图4

伊斯兰堡非霾天、霾天OC、EC线性关系"

图5

北京研究期间OC、EC浓度以及OC/EC日变化"

图6

伊斯兰堡研究期间OC、EC浓度以及OC/EC日变化"

表3

研究期间、霾天及非霾天两地OC、EC和SOC浓度"

观测项目北京伊斯兰堡
观测期间霾天非霾天观测期间霾天非霾天
OC25.6738.1919.8023.6628.0319.96
EC14.2323.329.9523.8427.7920.54
SOC2.583.48
SOC/OC0.10
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