您的位置：山东大学 -> 科技期刊社 -> 《山东大学学报（理学版）》

山东大学学报（理学版） ›› 2017, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1-9.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2017.045

• •    下一篇

基于Hotelling模型的两厂商选址定价完全序贯决策

徐兵1,2,张阳1   

  1. 1. 南昌大学管理学院, 江西 南昌 330031;2. 南昌大学中国中部经济社会发展研究中心, 江西 南昌 330031
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-17 出版日期:2017-06-20 发布日期:2017-06-21
  • 作者简介:徐兵(1972— ),男,博士,教授,博士生导师, 研究方向为物流与供应链管理、运筹学.E-mail: xu-bing99@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71561018,71502076);江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目;2016年度江西省研究生创新项目(YC2016-B015)

Research on totally sequential decision-model of two firms location and pricing based on Hotelling model

XU Bing1,2, ZHANG Yang1   

  1. 1. School of Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China;
    2. Center for Central China Economic Society Development Research, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2017-02-17 Online:2017-06-20 Published:2017-06-21

PDF (PC)

1528

摘要： 针对现代市场中广泛存在厂商先后进入的情况,基于Hotelling模型构建了线性市场上二次运输成本下两厂商水平竞争的完全序贯决策模型,其中先进入市场的厂商先选址再定价,随后跟随者先选址再定价。两厂商的博弈分析表明:跟随者具有后发优势,将获得更大的利润;先进入者将定位在市场端点,并采取低价策略;跟随者将定位在市场中心,并采取高价策略。进一步对所建的完全序贯决策模型、两厂商先后同时选址与定价的博弈模型、两厂商先同时选址再同时定价的博弈模型、两厂商先同时选址再先后定价的博弈模型进行了对比分析,研究结果表明:完全序贯决策与两厂商先后同时选址与定价的决策一致,且定价和厂商利润均较低;4种博弈顺序下两厂商水平竞争均衡都难以实现社会福利最大,需要政府“有形的手”发挥作用。

关键词: 社会福利最大化, 博弈模型, 选址与定价竞争, 完全序贯决策

Abstract: It widely exists that firms enter the modern market sequentially. Based on Hotelling model, one decision-model of totally sequential entry with quadratic transportation cost was built to characterize the horizontal competition of two firms in a linear market that the leader makes price-decision after location-decision, and then the follower makes price-decision after location-decision. The analysis of two firms game shows that the follower has the advantage and gains more profits as a late-mover. The leader will locate at the end of market and chooses low-price strategy, while the follower will locate at the center of market and choose high-price strategy. The comparison of the decision-model of totally sequential entry, the game model of two firms making simultaneous decisions of location and price one after another, the game model that two firms simultaneously make location-decisions before they make price-decisions one after another, the game model that two firms make simultaneously price-decisions after their location-decisions were made simultaneously. It shows that the decisions of the first model and the second model are same, in which the prices and profits of two firms are lower than the following models. All four models cant realize the welfare-maximization of society. It needs “the visible hand” of government to regulate the behavior of firms.

Key words: game model, competition of location and pricing, welfare-maximization of society, totally sequential decision

中图分类号: 

  • F270
[1] HOTELLING H. Stability in competition[J]. Economic Journal, 1929, 39(153): 41-57.
[2] ASPREMONT C D, GABSZEWICZ J J, THISSE J F. on Hotellings “stability in competition”[J]. Econometrica, 1979, 47(5):1145-1150.
[3] AHLIN C, AHLIN P D. Product differentiation under congestion: Hotelling was right [J]. Economic Inquiry, 2013, 51(3):1750-1763.
[4] MAZALOV V, SAKAGUCHI M. Location game on the plane[J]. International Game Theory Review, 2003(5):13-25.
[5] REISINGER M. Two-part tariff competition between two-sided platforms[J]. European Economic Review, 2014, 68(2):168-180.
[6] GUO Wenchung, LAI Fuchuan, ZENG Daozhi. A Hotelling model with production[J]. Mathematical Social Sciences, 2015(73): 40-49.
[7] XU Bing, CAO Feixiang, GUI Weiwei. Research on the location and price competition of two retailers with elastic demand [C] //Proceeding of 2016 International Conference on Strategic Management.[S.l.] :[s.n.] , 2016:298-302.
[8] BRAID R M. Stackelberg price leadership in spatial competition[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1986, 4(4): 439-449.
[9] 刘艳春, 高立群. 先后次序的施塔贝格竞争均衡与纳什均衡的比较[J]. 管理科学, 2004, 17(5):26-30. LIU Yanchun, GAO Liqun. Comparison between the Stackelberg competition equilibrium of priority and the Nash equilibrium[J]. Management Science in China, 2004, 17(5):26-30.
[10] CHEN Jing, GREWAL R. Competing in a supply chain via full-refund and no-refund customer returns policies[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2013, 146(1): 246-258.
[11] 谢兆霞, 李莉. 两寡头序贯进入下的B2B电子商务网站IT投资决策[J]. 中国管理科学, 2014, 22(2): 56-64. XIE Zhaoxia, LI Li. IT investment strategy of a duopoly with entry for B2B E-commerce website[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2014, 22(2): 56-64.
[12] PIERCE A, SEN D. Outsourcing versus technology transfer: Hotelling meets Stackelberg[J]. Journal of Economics, 2014, 111(3): 263-287.
[13] 刁新军, 杨德礼, 胡润波. 基于Stackelberg博弈均衡的双寡头企业竞争策略[J]. 运筹与管理, 2008, 17(6): 20-25. DIAO Xinjun, YANG Deli, HU Runbo. Competitive strategy of duopoly firms with Stackelberg game[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2008, 17(6):20-25.
[14] 刁新军, 杨德礼, 胡润波. 具有Stackelberg博弈和网络外部性的扩展Hotelling模型[J]. 系统工程, 2008, 26(2): 31-34. DIAO Xinjun, YANG Deli, HU Runbo. An extended Hotelling model with Stackelberg game and network externality[J]. Systems Engineering, 2008, 26(2):31-34.
[15] 刘忠轶, 翟昕, 高岩,等. 考虑空间因素的反恐防御竞争分析[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2016, 36(1): 136-144. LIU Zhongyi, ZHAI Xin, GAO Yan, et al. Counterterrorism analysis based on Hotelling model[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice, 2016, 36(1):136-144.
[16] 邹佳, 郭立宏. 用户信息对非对称竞争的双边平台利润影响研究——基于Stackelberg价格博弈模型[J]. 经济问题, 2017(3): 80-84. ZOU Jia, GUO Lihong. The effects of users information to profits of two-sided platforms with asymmetric competition: Based on Stackelberg pricing game[J]. On Economic Problems, 2017(3): 80-84.
[17] 张涛, 顾锋, 徐璐君,等. 基于Hotelling模型的回收企业竞争策略[J]. 系统管理学报, 2015, 24(4): 537-544. ZHANG Tao, GU Feng, XU Lujun, et al. Recycling competition strategies based on Hotelling model[J].Journal of System & Management, 2015, 24(5): 537-544.
[18] PRESCOTT E C, VISSCHER M. Sequential location among firms with foresight[J]. Bell Journal of Economics, 1977, 8(2): 378-393.
[19] NEVEN D J. Endogenous sequential entry in a spatial model[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1987, 5(4):419-434.
[20] EBINA T, MATSUSHIMA N, SHIMIZU D. Product differentiation and entry timing in a continuous time spatial competition model [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015, 247(3):904-913.
[21] ELIZALDE J, KINATEDER M, RODRÍGUEZ-CARRE(~overN)O I. Entry regulation, firms behaviour and social welfare[J]. European Journal of Law and Economics, 2015, 40(1):1-19.
[22] TABUCHI T. Multiproduct firms in Hotellings spatial competition[J]. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2012, 21(2):445-467.
[23] WEIJDE A H V D, VERHOEF E T, BERG V A C. Hotelling models with price-sensitive demand and asymmetric transport costs: an application to public transport scheduling[J]. Journal of Transport Economics & Policy, 2014, 48(2):261-277.
[24] GUO Wenchung, LAI Fuchuan. Spatial competition with quadratic transport costs and one online firm[J]. The Annals of Regional Science, 2014, 52(1):309-324.
[1] 蒋鹏飞,沙亚军,胡发胜 . 二级供应链不同博弈研究[J]. J4, 2007, 42(2): 51-55 .
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
版权所有 © 2018 《山东大学学报(理学版)》编辑部　
地址: 山东省济南市山大南路27号山东大学中心校区（250100）　电话: +86-0531-88366917　E-mail: xblxb@sdu.edu.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发