关税和本土认同下两竞争供应链定价及利润弹性

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2023.315

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 考虑关税和消费者本土认同因素,构建2个制造商为Stackelberg主导者的2条供应链竞争博弈模型,研究其最优定价策略,分析关税和消费者本土认同对供应链利润弹性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着关税的增加,国内制造商批发价格降低,而零售商1销售价格、国外制造商批发价格和零售商2的销售价格提高;随着消费者本土认同意识的增强,2条链各成员定价都提高,且当消费者本土认同意识较弱时,产品A较于产品B更具有价格优势。(2)随着关税的增加,国内制造商和零售商1的利润减少,国外制造商和零售商2的利润增加,而关税变动对消费者剩余的影响与消费者本土认同意识的强弱有关;随着消费者本土认同意识增强,2条链各成员利润都增加,而消费者本土认同意识变动对消费者剩余的影响与关税税率高低有关。(3)当本土认同意识较弱(关税税率较低)时,跨国供应链成员利润弹性大于国外本土供应链成员利润弹性,即跨国供应链成员利润对关税税率(本土认同意识)变动更加敏感;适当增强消费者本土认同能适当减小关税税率上涨给跨国供应链各成员带来的损失,同时不会给国外本土供应链本身带来损失。

关键词: 关税, 本土认同, 供应链竞争, 利润弹性

Abstract: Considering the factors of tariff and local identity of consumers, a competitive game model of two supply chains with two manufacturers as Stackelberg leaders is constructed, studies the optimal pricing strategies of two competitive supply chains are studied, and the influence of tariff and local identity of consumers on the profit elasticity of supply chains is analyzed. The results show that:(1)with the increase of tariffs, the wholesale price of domestic manufacturers decreases, while the sales price of retailer 1, the wholesale price of foreign manufacturers and the sales price of retailer 2 increase; with the enhancement of consumers awareness of local identity, the pricing of each member of the two chains increases, and when consumers awareness of local identity is weak, product A has more price advantage than product B.(2)With the increase of tariffs, the profits of domestic manufacturers and retailers 1 decrease, while the profits of foreign manufacturers and retailers 2 increase, and the impact of tariff changes on consumer surplus is related to the strength of consumers local identity consciousness; with the enhancement of consumers awareness of local identity, the profits of each member of the two chains increase, and the impact of changes in consumers awareness of local identity on consumer surplus is related to the level of tariff rate.(3)When the local identity consciousness is weak(the tariff rate is low), the profit elasticity of multinational supply chain members is greater than that of foreign local supply chain members, that is, the profits of multinational supply chain members are more sensitive to the change of tariff rate(local identity consciousness); properly enhancing consumers local identity can slightly slow down the losses caused by the rising tariff rate to the members of transnational supply chains, without causing damage to foreign local supply chains themselves.

Key words: tariff, local identity, supply chain competition, profit resilience

中图分类号:

F273

刘名武,郭玲,颜玥,杜烁铭. 关税和本土认同下两竞争供应链定价及利润弹性[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2024, 59(9): 18-32.

LIU Mingwu, GUO Ling, YAN Yue, DU Shuoming. Competitive strategies among supply chains considering tariff and local identity of consumers[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2024, 59(9): 18-32.

参考文献

[1] MA J H, AI X, YANG W, et al. Decentralization versus coordination in competing supply chains under retailers’ extended-warranties[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2019, 275(2):485-510.
[2] HE Rongrong, ZHU Dan, CHEN Xiaowei, et al. How the trade barrier changes environmental costs of agricultural production: an implication derived from Chinas demand for soybean caused by the US-China trade war[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 227(22):578-588.
[3] 段玉婉,刘丹阳,倪红福. 全球价值链视角下的关税有效保护率: 兼评美国加征关税的影响[J]. 中国工业经济, 2018(7):62-79. DUAN Yuwan, LIU Danyang, NI Hongfu. Effective rate of tariff protection from the perspective of global value chains: a review of the impact of US tariffs[J]. China Industrial Economy, 2018(7):514-527.
[4] ZHANG Y, KHARE A. The impact of accessible identities on the evaluation of global versus local products[J]. Journal of Consumer Research, 2009, 36(10):524-537.
[5] 刘名武,刘亚琼,付巧灵. 关税、权力结构与消费者偏好下的绿色供应链决策研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022, 30(3):131-141. LIU Mingwu, LIU Yaqiong, FU Qiaoling. Research on green supply chain decision-making under tariff, power structure and consumer preference[J]. China Management Science, 2022, 30(3):131-141.
[6] DONG L, KOUVELIS P. Impact of tariffs on global supply chain network configuration: models, predictions, and future research[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2020, 22(1):25-35.
[7] RONG L, XU M. Impact of altruistic preference and government subsidy on the multinational green supply chain under dynamic tariff[J]. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022, 24(2):1928-1958.
[8] 梁喜,梁伦海. 关税与成本变动下零售商主导的跨境双渠道供应链定价决策[J]. 中国管理科学, 2021, 29(11):99-110. LIANG Xi, LIANG Lunhai. Retailer-led pricing decision of cross-border dual-channel supply chain under tariff and cost changes[J]. China Management Science, 2021, 29(11):99-110.
[9] NAGURNEY A, BESIK D, DONJ J. Tariffs and quotas in world trade: a unified variational in-equality framework[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2019(1):25-35.
[10] NIU B, MU Z, CHEN K. Quality spillover, tariff, and multinational firms local sourcing strategies[J]. International Transactions in Operational Research, 2019(6):135-141.
[11] DE LOECKER J, GOLDBERG P K, KHANDELWAL A K, et al. Prices, markups, and trade reform[J]. Econometrica,2016, 84(2):445-510.
[12] ZEUGNER-ROTH K P, ZABKAR V, DIAMANTOPOULOS A. Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: a social identity theory perspective[J]. Journal of International Marketing, 2015, 23(2):25-54.
[13] TU L, KHAREA, ZHANG Y. A short 8-item scale for measuring consumers local-global identity[J]. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 2012, 29(1):35-42.
[14] HE JX, WANG C L. Cultural identity and consumer ethnocentrism impacts on preference and purchase of domestic versus importbrands: an empirical study in China[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2015, 68(6):1225-1233.
[15] ZHOU L X, TENG L F, POON P S. Susceptibility to global consumer culture: a three-dimensional scale[J]. Psychology and Marketing, 2008, 25(4):336-351.
[16] BARMAN A, DAS R, DE P K. Optimal pricing and greening strategy in a competitive green supply chain: impact of government subsidy and tax policy[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(16):9178.
[17] DAI B, NU Y, XIE X. Interactions of traceability and reliability optimization in a competitive supply chain with product recall[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2021, 290(1):116-131.
[18] XU H, LIU X, HUANG H. Innovation information sharing between two competitive supply chains[J]. International Transactions in Operational Research, 2022, 29(1):471-495.
[19] GHAVAMIFAR A, MAKUI A, TALEIZADEH A A. Designing a resilient competitive supply chain network under disruption risks: a real-world application[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2018, 115: 87-109.
[20] PENG H, SUN W, PANG T. Optimal strategies for a dual-channel farming supply chain with horizontal competition and cooperation[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 2023, 40(2):2250015.
[21] 何浩嘉,艾兴政,唐华,等. 基于链与链竞争的最优专利许可策略选择[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 14:1-15. HE Haojia, AI Xingzheng, TANG Hua, et al. Optimal patent licensing strategy selection based on chain-to-chain competition[J].China Management Science, 2023, 14:1-15.
[22] WANG Y Y, SUN J, WANG J C. Equilibrium markup pricing strategies for the dominant retailers under supply chain to chain competition[J]. International Journal of Production Research, 2016, 54(7):2075-2092.
[23] 周晓晗, 张江华, 徐进. 基于序贯博弈的企业研发合作动机研究[J]. 管理科学学报, 2021, 24(2):111-126. ZHOU Xiaohan, ZHANG Jianghua, XU Jin. Research on the motivation for R&D cooperation between firms based on sequential game[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2021, 24(2): 111-126.
[24] 艾兴政,马建华,唐小我. 不确定环境下链与链竞争纵向联盟与收益分享[J]. 管理科学学报, 2010, 13(7):1-8. AI Xingzheng, MA Jianhua, TANG Xiaowo. Vertical alliance and revenue sharing in chain-chain competitionunder uncertain environment[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2010, 13(7):1-8.
[25] 庄贵军,周南,周连喜. 国货意识、品牌特性与消费者本土品牌偏好: 一个跨行业产品的实证检验[J]. 管理世界, 2006(7):85-94, 114, 172. ZHUANG Guijun, ZHOU Nan, ZHOU Lianxi. Domestic awareness, brand characteristics and consumer preference for local brands: an empirical test of cross-industry products[J]. Management World, 2006(7):85-94, 114, 172.
[26] 谢洁,官振中. 消费者个人内在偏好影响下的绿色产品最优定价决策[J]. 系统工程, 2023(19):1-11. XIE Jie, GUAN Zhenzhong. Optimal pricing decision of green products under the influence of consumers personal preferences [J]. Systems Engineering, 2023(19): 1-11.
[27] 罗伯特·S·平狄克,丹尼尔·L·鲁宾菲尔德. 微观经济学(第八版)[M]. 李彬,高远,译. 北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014. PINDYCK S R, RUBINFELD D L. Microeconomics[M]. 8th ed. Beijing:China Renmin University Press, 2014.
[28] 唐华,艾兴政,何浩嘉,等. 基于链与链竞争的延保服务渠道策略选择[J]. 管理科学学报, 2023, 26(1):19-37. TANG Hua, AI Xingzheng, HE Haojia, et al. Channel strategy selection of extended warranty Service based on chain-to-chain competition[J]. Journal of Management Science, 2023, 26(1):19-37.
[29] 李晓静,艾兴政,唐小我. 基于链与链竞争的再制造产品销售渠道的研究[J]. 系统工程学报, 2016, 31(5):666-675. LI Xiaojing, AI Xingzheng, TANG Xiaowo. Research on sales channels of remanufactured products based on chain-to-chain competition[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2016, 31(5):666-675.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed