您的位置：山东大学 -> 科技期刊社 -> 《山东大学学报（理学版）》

《山东大学学报(理学版)》 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 1-9.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2021.818

• •    

济南大气PM2.5中PAHs的毒性及来源解析

王欣丽1,2,杨敏敏1,2#,李海燕3,王桂荣4,王艳1,2*   

  1. 1.山东大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266237;2.山东大学山东省环境过程与健康危害重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266237;3.淄博市生态环境局周村分局, 山东 淄博 255300;4.纽约州立大学上州医科大学, 美国纽约 雪城 13210
  • 发布日期:2022-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 杨敏敏(1988— ). E-mail:yangminmin@sdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王欣丽(1998— ),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为大气颗粒物与健康影响. E-mail:wxlhuanjing@163.com*通信作者简介:王艳(1968— ),女,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为大气环境化学和环境影响健康评估. E-mail:wy@sdu.edu.cn#共同通信作者:杨敏敏(1988— ). E-mail:yangminmin@sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021MD028)

Cytotoxicity and emission source analysis of PAHs in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Jinan

WANG Xin-li1,2, YANG Min-min1,2#, LI Hai-yan3, WANG Gui-rong4, WANG Yan1,2*   

  1. 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health Hazards, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China;
    3. Zibo Ecological Environment Bureau Zhoucun Branch, Zibo 255300, Shandong, China;
    4. SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse 13210, New York, USA
  • Published:2022-03-15

PDF (PC)

203

摘要： 于2015年10月—2016年5月连续采集济南市大气PM2.5样品,分析了PM2.5及多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度特征,并利用CCK-8测定PM2.5暴露下人肺上皮细胞(A549)的死亡率,分析PM2.5及PAHs对细胞毒性的影响,用正交矩阵因数分解法(PMF)和潜在排放源贡献函数(PSCF)解析PAHs的主要来源和潜在排放源区域,找到造成健康威胁的关键PAHs以及排放源。结果表明,济南PM2.5的平均质量浓度为107 μg/m3,超过国家《环境空气质量标准》二级标准的天数占68%,15种PAHs的总浓度为26.74 ng/m3;PM2.5暴露后,A549细胞死亡率的平均值为34.3%,其中有超过40%的样品死亡率在30%~45%之间,PM2.5对细胞毒性有显著的影响,且PM2.5中二氢苊、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘和茚并(123-cd)芘是造成健康威胁的关键有毒化合物。源解析结果表明,济南PM2.5中PAHs的来源主要包括煤炭燃烧源、交通污染源、焦炉源和石油源,有毒组分主要源于煤炭燃烧和交通源的本地直接排放及区域输送。

关键词: PM2.5, 多环芳烃, 污染特征, 细胞毒性, 来源解析

Abstract: Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were continuously collected in Jinan from October 2015 to May 2016, the concentration characteristics of PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were analyzed, and positive matrix factorization(PMF)model and potential source contribution function(PSCF)were used to analyze the emission sources of PAHs. The PM2.5 samples were exposed to human lung epithelial cells(A549), the cell death rates were measured using the CCK-8 kits to analyze the effects of PM2.5 and PAHs on cell mortality. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 in Jinan was 107 μg/m3 and 68% of the days exceeded the National Air Quality Secondary Standard(75 μg/m3). The average volume concentration of 15 PAHs in PM2.5 was 26.74 ng/m3. The average death rate of A549 cells was 34.3%, and more than 40% had death rates between 30%-45% after exposed to PM2.5, which indicated the toxicity of PM2.5 on human health. The emission sources of PAHs mainly include coal combustion sources, traffic pollution sources, coke oven sources and petroleum sources. Acenaphthene, benzo(b)fluoranthrene, benzo(k)fluoranthrene, benzo(a)pyrene and indenol(1,2,3-cd)pyrene are key toxic PAHs which are mainly contributed by coal combustion sources and traffic pollution sources emitted from local sources and through regional transport.

Key words: PM2.5, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, pollution characteristic, cytotoxicity, source identification

中图分类号: 

  • X513
[1] THURSTON G D, BURNETT R T, TURNER M C, et al. Ischemic heart disease mortality and long-term exposure to source-related components of US fine particle air pollution[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2016, 124(6):785-794.
[2] PATEL M M, CHILLRUD S, CORREA J C C, et al. Traffic-related particulate matter and acute respiratory symptoms among New York City area adolescents[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010, 118(9):1338-1343.
[3] COHEN A J, BRAUER M, BURNETT R, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J]. Lancet, 2017, 389(10087):1907-1918.
[4] 赵文昌, 程金平, 谢海, 等. 环境中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源与监测分析方法[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2006, 29(3):105-107. ZHAO Wenchang, CHENG Jinping, XIE Haiyun, et al. PAHs: sources, pathway and their monitoring and analysis[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 29(3):105-107.
[5] NIU X, HO S, HO K F, et al. Atmospheric levels and cytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated-PAHs in PM2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 231(1):1075-1084.
[6] ABDEL-SHAFY H I, MANSOUR M S M. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation[J]. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2016, 25(1):107-123.
[7] KAUPP H, MCLACHLAN M S. Distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)within the full size range of atmospheric particles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000, 34(1):73-83.
[8] 李海燕. 济南大气中多环芳烃的分布及污染特征研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017. LI Haiyan. Distribution and pollution characteristics of atmospheric PAHs in Jinan[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017.
[9] SHEN M, XING J, JI Q, et al. Declining pulmonary function in populations with long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-enriched PM2.5[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52(11):6610-6616.
[10] LIU Hui, XU Cheng, JIANG Zhaoyan, et al. Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and asthma among children 6-19 years: NHANES 2001—2008 and NHANES 2011—2012[J]. Respiratory Medicine, 2016, 110:20-27.
[11] YANG L Y, WANG W C, LUNG S, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during haze events in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 574:1649-1658.
[12] XIE Y, ZHAO B, ZHAO Y, et al. Reduction in population exposure to PM2.5 and cancer risk due to PM2.5-bound PAHs exposure in Beijing, China during the APEC meeting[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 225:338-345.
[13] LV C, WANG X, PANG N, et al. The impact of airborne particulate matter on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia among children in Jinan, China: a case-crossover study[J]. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association, 2017, 67(6):669-676.
[14] DU L L, WANG Y, WU Z C, et al. PM2.5-bound toxic elements in an urban city in East China: concentrations, sources, and health risks[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2019, 16(1):164. doi:10.3390/ijerph16010164.
[15] ZHANG Y, YANG L, ZHANG X, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5-bound PAHs at an urban site and a suburban site in Jinan in North China Plain[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2019, 19(4):871-884.
[16] TIAN S, LIU Y, WANG J, et al. Chemical compositions and source analysis of PM2.5 during autumn and winter in a heavily polluted city in China[J]. Atmosphere, 2020, 11(4):336.
[17] 缪佳慧, 万升理, 张梦琦, 等. 三大典型城市大气污染物的变化特征研究[J]. 绿色科技, 2019(24):94-97. MIAO Jiahui, WAN Shengli, ZHANG Mengqi, et al. Study on the change characteristics of air pollutants in three typical cities[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2019(24):94-97.
[18] DENG X, ZHANG F, WANG L, et al. Airborne fine particulate matter induces multiple cell death pathways in human lung epithelial cells[J]. Apoptosis, 2014, 19(7):1099-1112.
[19] HOPKE P, BARRIE L, LI S M, et al. Possible sources and preferred pathways for biogenic and non-sea-salt sulfur for the high arctic[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1995, 100(D8):16595-16603.
[20] LI X, LI S S, XIONG Q L, et al. Characteristics of PM2.5 chemical compositions and their effect on atmospheric visibility in urban Beijing, China during the heating season[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018, 15(9):1924.
[21] WANG J, HU Z, CHEN Y, et al. Contamination characteristics and possible sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 68:221-229.
[22] XU L, CHEN X, CHEN J, et al. Seasonal variations and chemical compositions of PM2.5 aerosol in the urban area of Fuzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2012, 104:264-272.
[23] 史纯珍, 屈瑶, 毛旭. 大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中多环芳烃的分析测定与污染特征[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(8):1417-1423. SHI Chunzhen, QU Yao, MAO Xu. Analysis and pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in PM2.5[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 34(8):1417-1423.
[24] YANG M, WANG Y, LI H, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)associated with PM2.5 within boundary layer: cloud/fog and regional transport[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 627:613-621.
[25] HE J, FAN S, MENG Q, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)associated with fine particulate matters in Nanjing, China: distributions, sources and meteorological influences[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 89:207-215.
[26] CHEN Y C, CHIANG H C, HSU C Y, et al. Ambient PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Changhua County, central Taiwan: seasonal variation, source apportionment and cancer risk assessment[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 218:372-382.
[27] CHANG J, SHEN J, TAO J, et al. The impact of heating season factors on eight PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)concentrations and cancer risk in Beijing[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688:1413-1421.
[28] 王瑞霞, 杨敏敏, 徐丽, 等. 济南市大气中多环芳烃的污染及致癌风险[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2014, 31(3):235-239. WANG Ruixia, YANG Minmin, XU Li, et al. Pollution and carcinogenic risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Jinan[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2014, 31(3):235-239.
[29] 李英红, 饶志国, 谭吉华,等. 兰州大气细颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(7):2428-2435. LI Yinghong, RAO Zhiguo, TAN Jihua, et al. Pollutional characteristics and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric fine particulate matter in Lanzhou city[J]. Environmetal Science, 2016, 37(7):2428-2435.
[30] CHEN C, WANG X, LV C, et al. The effect of air pollution on hospitalization of individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Jinan, China[J]. Medicine, 2019, 98(22):e15634.
[31] WANG Shanshan, LI Yifan, NIU Aimin, et al. The impact of outdoor air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases during 2012—2016 in Jinan, China[J]. Respiratory Research, 2018, 19(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0958-x.
[32] 于晓丽, 张江. 多环芳烃污染与防治对策[J]. 油气田环境保护, 1996(4):53-56. YU Xiaoli, ZHANG Jiang. Pollution by multiring aromatic hydrocarbon and its preventive treatment strategy[J]. Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, 1996(4):53-56.
[33] KE S, LIU Q, YAO Y, et al. An in vitro cytotoxicities comparison of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells HPAEpiC[J]. Toxicology Letters, 2018, 290:10-18.
[34] BING Y, ZHOU L, XUE N, et al. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Huanghuai Plain, China: comparison of three receptor models[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 443:31-39.
[35] HANEDAR A, ALP K, KAYNAK B, et al. Toxicity evaluation and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)at three stations in Istanbul, Turkey[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 488/489:437-446.
[36] LI Y, LIU X, LIU M, et al. Investigation into atmospheric PM2.5-borne PAHs in Eastern cities of China: concentration, source diagnosis and health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts, 2016, 18(5):529-537.
[37] TOBISZEWSKI M, NAMIESNIK J. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 162:110-119.
[38] JANG E, ALAM M S, HARRISON R M. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air using positive matrix factorization and spatial distribution analysis[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 79:271-285.
[39] WANG D, TIAN F, YANG M, et al. Application of positive matrix factorization to identify potential sources of PAHs in soil of Dalian, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(5):1559-1564.
[1] 王德平,樊文艺,温茜,樊廷俊. 氧氟沙星对人角膜上皮细胞的毒性作用及其细胞与分子机理研究[J]. 山东大学学报（理学版）, 2016, 51(5): 11-17.
[2] 苗莹,王瑞鑫,于昊泽,于苗苗,葛源,樊廷俊*. 利多卡因对人角膜上皮细胞的毒性#br# 作用及其机理研究[J]. 山东大学学报（理学版）, 2014, 49(1): 8-14.
[3] 徐晓辉,樊廷俊*，景毅,姜国建,杨秀霞,葛源. 氯化镉对条斑星鲽卵巢细胞的毒性作用及其机理研究[J]. J4, 2013, 48(11): 1-6.
[4] 李秀娥1,高素莲2,张秋3*. 功能化多壁碳纳米管对NHFB细胞的毒性研究[J]. J4, 2010, 45(5): 6-11.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
版权所有 © 2018 《山东大学学报(理学版)》编辑部　
地址: 山东省济南市山大南路27号山东大学中心校区（250100）　电话: +86-0531-88366917　E-mail: xblxb@sdu.edu.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发