Abstract: This paper examines the choice of recycling channels and low carbon emissions reduction in a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in an omni-channel retail model. A demand function influenced by sales price and level of abatement technology under the omni-channel retail model was quantified, taking into account that manufacturers regulated by carbon tax policies reduce carbon emissions by investing in abatement technology. An omni-channel closed-loop supply chain game model is constructed for the manufacturer-recycling and retailer-recycling scenarios, and the corresponding joint pricing and abatement strategies are solved separately. The optimal strategy for the closed-loop supply chain is then compared with that of the closed-loop supply chain without technological inputs, and it is concluded that manufacturers technological inputs can improve the profitability and environmental performance of the closed-loop supply chain system under the omni-channel retail model. Finally, numerical examples are used to further analyse the impact of different recycling methods, emission reduction technology levels and carbon tax policies on supply chain decisions. It is found that manufacturers are responsible for recycling their products, resulting in higher profits and lower carbon emissions in the closed-loop supply chain of the omni-channel retail model than if retailers were to recycle their products; an appropriate increase in the carbon tax would not only increase the incentive for manufacturers to invest in reducing emissions, but would also increase the recycling rate of used products.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, omni-channel retailing, sustainability technology, game analysis