JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE) ›› 2019, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 42-49, 56.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2019.039

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Comparison of concentrations and chemical compositions of PM10 during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing and Islamabad

Xian-chu WU1,2(),Bin CHEN1,3,*(),Tian-xue WEN1,Imran SHAHID4,Ammara HABIB1,Guang-yu SHI1   

  1. 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
    4. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
  • Received:2018-12-01 Online:2019-07-20 Published:2019-06-27
  • Contact: Bin CHEN E-mail:wuxianchu@mail.iap.ac.cn;chen_bin@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    中国科学院国际伙伴计划(134111KYSB20180021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41590871);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB0504000);科技部国际科技合作与交流专项(2013DFG22820)

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Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of heavy metals, water-soluble inorganic ions and carbon components in winter PM10 in Beijing and Islamabad, PM10 samples were collected at urban site in Beijing and Islamabad from December 2014-January 2015. The concentrations of above three compositions of PM10were analyzed. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals were at high levels during sampling period in both two sites. The concentrations of As、Cr(Ⅵ) in Beijing and Cd、Cr(Ⅵ) in Islamabad were both exceeded the WHO guideline. Heavy metals were enhanced during haze days. The main sources of heavy metals were coal burning and automobile in Beijing, while in Islamabad was mainly automobile according to PCA. Secondary pollution of water-soluble inorganic ions in atmosphere in both sites was heavy. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions also enhanced due to automobile. Correlation between OC and EC was strong(especially in non-haze days) in Beijing but it was low in Islamabad. They implied that OC and EC tended to be mainly from the same primary sources and were controlled by similar processes after being emitted in Beijing, mainly due to coal burning and automobile; but the source of carbonaceous species was relatively complex in Islamabad. The concentration of SOC in sampling period in Beijing was 2.58 μg/m3, accounting for only 10.1% of the OC mass concentration; while there was basically no SOC in Islamabad.

Key words: Beijing, Islamabad, PM10, heavy metal, water-soluble inorganic ions

CLC Number: 

  • P402

Fig.1

Mass distribution of non-crustal elements in particles in Beijing"

Fig.2

Mass distribution of non-crustal elements in particles in Islamabad"

Table 1

Comparison of atmospheric heavy metals with NAAQS, WHO guidelines and average situation in China"

重金属北京/ (ng·m-3)伊斯兰堡/ (ng·m-3)环境空气质量标准/ (ng·m-3)WHO标准/ (ng·m-3)中国平均水平/ (ng·m-3) [21]
Zn415.411 050.36424.5
Pb183.59155.65500500261.0
Mn105.2380.52150198.8
Cu82.3758.95117.0
As16.104.4466.651.0
V7.999.631 00017.9
Cr*49.8089.500.0250.2585.7
Cd4.535.285513.2

Table 2

The PCA results of heavy metals in PM10"

重金属北京伊斯兰堡
主因子1主因子2主因子3主因子1主因子2主因子3
Zn0.7050.545-0.6130.5090.747-0.098
Pb0.6790.25705570.6680.4480.007
Mn0.8860.4430.4490.3380.9050.012
Cu0.6430.4090.0980.9080.104-0.027
As0.8270.2560.1090.2050.8450.002
V0.3330.6980.2890.1260.887-0.096
Cr0.3670.6620.4430.2090.942-0.005
Cd0.7980.1480.2950.3450.825-0.018
Ti0.2020.1980.8890.2790.3340.807
Ba0.110.0090.9270.4090.1160.817
贡献率/%4024.414.53920.913.5

Fig.3

Correlations of OC and EC during non-hazy, hazy days in Beijing"

Fig.4

Correlations of OC and EC during non-hazy, hazy days in Islamabad"

Fig.5

Time series of OC, EC and the ratio of OC/EC during the sampling campaign in Beijing"

Fig.6

Time series of OC, EC and the ratio of OC/EC during the sampling campaign in Islamabad"

Table 3

Concentrations of OC, EC and SOC during hazy days, non-hazy days and whole sampling campaign"

观测项目北京伊斯兰堡
观测期间霾天非霾天观测期间霾天非霾天
OC25.6738.1919.8023.6628.0319.96
EC14.2323.329.9523.8427.7920.54
SOC2.58—3.48———
SOC/OC0.10—————
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