Table of Content

  

20 March 2021
Volume 56 Issue 3

 

Stability analysis of upstream and downstream enterprises' green innovation—Based on the perspective of evolutionary games

Ping CAO,Zhi-lin WANG,Hui HAO

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  1-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.081

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By establishing a game model between suppliers and manufacturers in the upstream and downstream enterprises of the supply chain, the impact of different parameters such as innovation cost, innovation compensation, and innovation income increase on the choice of green innovation strategies of the two companies is considered. Numerical analysis shows that: strong cost control has a significant positive impact on corporate green innovation; high levels of innovation subsidies can actively promote innovation; when incremental profits are not enough to cover costs through the "free-rider" strategy, promote enterprises for green innovation.

Value-added service investment and pricing of logistics service platform under dynamic competition

Yun-miao GUI,Da-yu LIU,Hong-chun HU

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  12-22.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.493

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Investment in value-added services has become an important means for logistics service platforms to enhance their competitive advantages. Based on the consideration of the network externality and users ownership behavior, the investment decision-making and pricing model of logistics service platform under different investment time series is developed, which combined Hotelling model and Stackelberg master-slave game model. The results show that: when the bilateral users are single-homing, the investment in high-quality value-added services is dominant; when the consumers are multi-homing and the suppliers are single-homing, the acted platform investment in high-quality value-added services is better; when the suppliers are multi-homing and the consumers are single-homing, the acting platform prefer to invest high-quality value-added services; when the bilateral users are multi-homing, the investment in high-quality value-added services is optimal.

A safe auction algorithm for heterogeneous spectrum based on Paillier homomorphism

Zhao-xia WU,Yi WANG

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  23-27.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.681

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The rapid development of modern communication technology and the scarcity of the radio spectrum itself have brought new challenges to spectrum allocation. Electronic auctions have become a new opportunity for spectrum redistribution due to their high efficiency and fairness. The wireless spectrum auction mechanism has emerged as the times require. Security issues in the auction process hinder the practical application of spectrum auctions to a large extent. Based on this situation, a safe, effective, and practical heterogeneous spectrum secure auction algorithm is proposed, which combines the Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm with the heterogeneous spectrum auction mechanism, so that the algorithm can obtain the correct winning bidder and its payment prices, bids and private information of bidders during the auction process can be strictly protected. The analysis proved the correctness and security of the algorithm.

Adversarial examples generation method for network intrusion detection data

Bin XIE,Qing-yang LI,Xin-yu DONG

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  28-36.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.4.2020.152

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This paper proposes to add directional perturbations having no impact on results to attack characteristics with Deepfool and JSMA algorithms. Adversarial samples are generated by white-box attacks so that they can interfere with the judgements of models to bypass feature detection. Our work provides intrusion detection models with more training samples. As a result, the robustness of intrusion detection models is improved.

ε-language approximation of nondeterministic fuzzy finite automata

Hai-hui WANG,Lu-yao ZHAO,Ping LI

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  37-43.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.360

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We have introduced the concept of nondeterministic fuzzy finite automata under max-* compositional inference for some t-norm *. In order to compare the behaviors of nondeterministic fuzzy finite automata, two ε-language approximations are given using some real number ε in [0, 1]. Then we discuss the relationship of two ε-language approximations, and prove that nondeterministic fuzzy finite automata and fuzzy finite automata are 0-language approximated, that is to say they can accept same fuzzy language. In addition, some algebraic properties of two ε-language approximations are studied. In particular, we obtain that properties of them under union operation, *operation, and concatenation operation. Finally, the robustness of ε-language approximations is analyzed.

Dual co-matching network with multiway attention for opinion reading comprehension

BAO Liang, CHEN Zhi-hao, CHEN Wen-zhang, YE Kai, LIAO Xiang-wen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  44-53.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.346

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Opinion-based reading comprehension aims to judge the opinion polarity of the answer span to the given question. Previous approaches usually rely on a matching network to capture the relationship between texts, however either only modeling the relationship in a uni-direction, or only calculating the interactive representations with a single attention mechanism, which cannot effectively capture the correlation between the opinion-based question and the answer span. In this work, we propose dual co-matching with multiway attention(DCMA)matching method, which models the relationship between question and answer bidirectionally, and three attention mechanisms are employed to calculated the co-attention representations of question and answer. Experimental result on the opinion-based reading comprehension dataset DureaderOpinion demonstrates our model obtains state-of-the-art performance.

Interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy frank aggregation operators and their application in multi-attribute decision making

HUANG Lin, YUAN Xiu-jiu, SUO Zhong-ying, PANG Meng-yang, BAO Zhuang-zhuang, LI Zhi-wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  54-66.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.4.2020.238

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In this article, the q-rung hesitant fuzzy set is extended, and interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy set is proposed. Combining Frank operator with interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy set, the interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy Frank aggregation operators are proposed. Firstly, based on the Frank operator, the operation properties of interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy elements are defined, and the score function, accuracy function and ranking method of interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy elements are proposed. Secondly, the interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy Frank arithmetic average operator, geometric average operator, ordered weighted average operator and hybrid average operator are defined. The calculation formulas of the operators are given respectively, the related properties are studied, and the special forms of the operators are discussed. Finally, a multi-attribute decision-making method based on interval-valued q-rung hesitant fuzzy Frank aggregation operator is given, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated through calculation examples and comparative analysis. This method can flexibly choose parameters according to the risk preference attitude of the decision maker to meet the requirements of different decision-making situations.

Semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithm based on L_2,1 norm and manifold regularization terms

YANG Ting, ZHU Heng-dong, MA Ying-cang, WANG Yi-rui, YANG Xiao-fei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  67-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.4.2020.218

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The spectral clustering algorithm is affected by the similarity matrix and not using prior information, which makes the clustering results with great limitations. For this problem, we propose a semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithm based on L_2,1 norm and manifold regularization terms. With the help of robustness in L_2,1 norms, a reasonable similarity matrix is learned. In addition, full use of supervisory information not only is added in the initial similarity matrix, but also is used in manifold regularization term to adjust the model, thereby improving the clustering effect. The clustering results of the proposed clustering algorithm on artificial data sets and real data sets are more effective than other clustering algorithms in most cases.

Local rough set model based on similarity relation

ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Yan-lan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  77-82.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.4.2020.281

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Rough set theory is a supervised learning model, which generally requires a certain amount of labeled data to train classifiers. However, there are many unlabeled data in some practical problems, and the cost of labeling data is too large. The concept approximation is a key problem in rough set theory. The rough set based on similarity relation expands the application of rough set theory. In order to deal with the problem of limited label characteristics and low calculation efficiency, a theoretical model of local rough set under similarity relationship is introduced and a concept approximation model with linear time complexity is proposed. Theoretical proof and case analysis verify the superiority of local rough set based on similarity relation.

Preliminary monitoring by infrared camera in the Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve

ZHAO Si-yuan, FENG Lin, WANG De-liang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  83-87.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2019.787

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In order to gain an in-depth understanding of animal resources dynamics in the Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province. The author placed infrared cameras for monitoring in the Qizimeishan Mountain Reserve from September 2018 to July 2019.A total of 30 infrared cameras and 42 layout sites were set, and the camera accumulated 2 613 days, 715 photos. Through the processing and analysis of the infrared camera photos, 42 animals were found, including 19 mammals, accounting for 32.8% of the total mammalian species in the protected area. 23 species of birds, accounting for 10.2% of the total number of birds in protected areas. A total of 7 national key protected animals were recorded. The results show that infrared cameras are better for monitoring nocturnal mammals and terrestrial birds.

General p-neighbor scattering number of graphs

YANG Xue, WEI Zong-tian, JIANG Shu-yan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  88-95.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2020.355

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The study of network neighbor invulnerability originated from spy networks. The particularity is that if a vertex has been destroyed, its adjacent vertices will be useless as a whole. However, the most likely situation is that if a vertex has been destroyed, its adjacent vertices will be failed with some probability p. Based on this idea, the concept of general p-neighbor scattering number is proposed. The p-neighbor scattering number formula of some special graphs and line graphs are given. The accuracy of network neighbor invulnerability measure is illustrated by the analysis of the relationship of p and the general p-neighbor scattering number.

Dominance relationship and reduction of Pythagorean fuzzy systems

ZHANG Jiao-jiao, ZHANG Shao-pu, FENG Tao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE). 2021, 56(3):  96-110.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.4.2020.261

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First, two new dominant relationships are defined, and according to the definition of the overall assessment and the special requirements of individual attributes, Pythagorean fuzzy additive operator is used to aggregate the individual attribute values of each object into an overall evaluation, and two generalized dominant rough set models are obtained. Using these two models, the attribute reduction problem of dominant Pythagorean fuzzy systems is studied. Secondly, the parameter β∈［0,1］ is introduced, the β dominant relationship is defined, the generalized β dominant rough set model is obtained, and the above attribute reduction problem is further studied. Finally, an example is used to illustrate practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.