新形势下黄土高原水土流失综合治理的成效和挑战

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2026.152

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水土流失综合治理是黄土高原生态文明建设的核心任务和关键举措,也是推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要基础。经过多年持续开展水土保持工作,黄土高原植被覆盖显著提升,水土流失得到有效遏制,生态环境明显改善,实现了由“黄”向“绿”的历史性转变,人民生活水平持续提高,“生产-生活-生态”空间布局不断优化。然而,当前黄土高原水土流失治理仍面临诸多严峻挑战:极端降雨及其侵蚀灾害的发生频率明显增加、水土流失的主要类型和危害程度发生新的变化、植被稳定性与生态系统可持续性变弱,黄河“几字弯”地区风沙入黄和河道淤堵问题加剧,水土保持碳汇监测与提升技术仍有待完善,同时现代高新技术发展对传统水土保持模式提出了更高要求。建议未来应重点加强水土流失过程的定量表征与智慧监测技术研究,推进水土流失精准阻控与靶向调控,构建适应气候变化与区域差异的水土流失综合治理技术体系与治理范式,并强化土壤侵蚀区生态环境整治与乡村全面振兴关键技术研发,为黄土高原水土流失综合治理与黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供科技支撑。

关键词: 黄土高原, 水土流失, 综合治理, 成效和挑战, 科技需求

Abstract: Comprehensive soil and water loss control on the Loess Plateau is a central component of ecological civilization construction in the region and a fundamental measure for ensuring ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Through decades of sustained soil and water conservation efforts, vegetation coverage has been significantly restored, soil erosion has been effectively curbed, and the ecological environment has markedly improved on the Loess Plateau, achieving a historic transformation from “yellow” to “green”. Meanwhile, living standards have continued to improve, and the spatial structure of production, living, and ecological functions has been progressively optimized. Nevertheless, soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau is still confronted with a series of serious challenges. These include a significant increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events and associated erosion disasters; changes in the dominant types and severity of soil erosion; declining vegetation stability and ecosystem sustainability. Additional challenges include intensified wind-blown sediment deposition and channel siltation in the “Jiziwan” section of the Yellow River, insufficient development of technologies for monitoring, quantifying, and enhancing soil and water conservation carbon sinks, and growing impacts of modern high-tech development on traditional soil and water conservation practices. Future efforts should prioritize the quantitative characterization and intelligent monitoring of soil erosion processes, the development of precision-targeted erosion control strategies, the establishment of adaptive technical systems and governance paradigms for soil erosion management, and studies on key technologies for environmental remediation and comprehensive rural revitalization in erosion-prone areas. These efforts will provide critical scientific and technological support for integrated soil erosion control on the Loess Plateau and for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.

Key words: Loess Plateau, soil and water loss, comprehensive control, achievements and challenges, scientific and technological demands

中图分类号:

上官周平. 新形势下黄土高原水土流失综合治理的成效和挑战[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2026, 61(10): 1-7.

SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Achievements and challenges of comprehensive control of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau under the new situation[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2026, 61(10): 1-7.

参考文献

[1] 张攀, 姚文艺. 新时期淤地坝系平衡理论与优化布局关键技术研究[J]. 中国水利, 2026(7): 24-31. Zhang Pan, Yao Wenyi. Equilibrium theory and key technologies for optimal layout of Yudiba dam systems in the new era[J]. China Water Resources, 2026(7): 24-31.
[2] 中华人民共和国水利部. 中国水土保持公报(2023年)[EB/OL].(2024-04-07)[2026-06-18]. http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zgstbcgb/202403/t20240329_1708287.html. Ministry of Water Resources of the Peoples Republic of China. China soil and water conservation bulletin(2023)[EB/OL].(2024-04-07)[2026-06-18]. http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zgstbcgb/202403/t20240329_1708287.html.
[3] 胡春宏, 张晓明. 关于黄土高原水土流失治理格局调整的建议[J]. 中国水利, 2019(23): 5-7, 11. Hu Chunhong, Zhang Xiaoming. Suggestions on adjusting the pattern of soil and water loss control in the Loess Plateau[J]. China Water Resources, 2019(23): 5-7, 11.
[4] 刘晓燕, 王鹏, 党素珍. 黄河水沙变化: 历史、现状与未来[J]. 水利学报, 2024, 55(10):1135-1145. Liu Xiaoyan, Wang Peng, Dang Suzhen. Variations in water and sediment of the Yellow River: historical perspectives, current status, and future outlook[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2024, 55(10): 1135-1145.
[5] Su B Q, Su Z X, Shangguan Z P. Trade-off analyses of plant biomass and soil moisture relations on the Loess Plateau[J]. Catena, 2021, 197: 104946.
[6] Wang X Z, Wu J Z, Liu Y L, et al. Driving factors of ecosystem services and their spatiotemporal change assessment based on land use types in the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022, 311: 114835.
[7] Deng L, Shangguan Z P. High quality developmental approach for soil and water conservation and ecological protection on the Loess Plateau[J]. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2021, 8(4): 501.
[8] 穆兴民, 赵广举, 高鹏, 等. 黄河未来输沙量态势及其适用性对策[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020, 40(5): 328-332. Mu Xingmin, Zhao Guangju, Gao Peng, et al. Future trend of sediment discharge in Yellow River and its adaptation strategies[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 40(5): 328-332.
[9] 刘宝元. 黄土高原“7·26”特大暴雨洪水与水土保持效益综合考察报告[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020: 74-109. Liu Baoyuan. Comprehensive investigation report on the “7·26” extreme rainstorm flood and soil and water conservation benefits on the Loess Plateau [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2020: 74-109.
[10] 刘国彬, 上官周平, 姚文艺, 等. 黄土高原生态工程的生态成效[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2017, 32(1): 11-19. Liu Guobin, Shangguan Zhouping, Yao Wenyi, et al. Ecological effects of soil conservation in Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(1): 11-19.
[11] 上官周平, 王飞, 昝林森, 等. 生态农业在黄土高原生态保护和农业高质量协同发展中的作用及其发展途径[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020, 40(4): 335-339. Shangguan Zhouping, Wang Fei, Zan Linsen, et al. Significances and developing ways of ecological agriculture in coordinated development of ecological conservation and high-quality agriculture on Loess Plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 40(4): 335-339.
[12] 穆兴民, 李朋飞, 刘斌涛, 等. 1901—2016年黄土高原土壤侵蚀格局演变及其驱动机制[J]. 人民黄河, 2022, 44(9): 36-45. Mu Xingmin, Li Pengfei, Liu Bintao, et al. Spatial-temporal development and driving mechanisms of erosion on the Chinese Loess Plateau between 1901 and 2016[J]. Yellow River, 2022, 44(9): 36-45.
[13] 中华人民共和国水利部. 中国水土保持公报(2021年)[EB/OL].(2022-07-13)[2026-06-18]. http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zgstbcgb/202207/t20220713_1585301.html. Ministry of water resources of the peoples republic of China. China soil and water conservation bulletin(2021)[EB/OL].(2022-07-13)[2026-06-18]. http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/zgstbcgb/202207/t20220713_1585301.html.
[14] 金钊, 余欣, 李振洪, 等. 黄河全流域科学考察的几点认识和思考[J]. 中国水利, 2024(23): 7-11. Jin Zhao, Yu Xin, Li Zhenhong, et al. Scientific investigation on the entire Yellow River Basin: understanding and reflections[J]. China Water Resources, 2024(23): 7-11.
[15] 邓蕾, 王凯博, 汪晓珍, 等. 黄河流域-黄土高原水土保持与高质量发展: 成效、问题与对策[J]. 河南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(1): 1-7, 181. Deng Lei, Wang Kaibo, Wang Xiaozhen, et al. Soil and water conservation and high quality development of the Loess Plateau in the Yellow River Basin: effects, problems and countermeasures[J]. Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(1): 1-7, 181.
[16] 邵明安, 王云强, 贾小旭. 黄土高原生态建设与土壤干燥化[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2015, 30(S1): 433-440. Shao Mingan, Wang Yunqiang, Jia Xiaoxu. Ecological construction and soil desiccation on the Loess Plateau of China [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015, 30(S1): 433-440.
[17] 王茵茵. 黄土高原土壤干湿趋势与植被承载状况估算[D]. 咸阳: 中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 2019. Wang Yinyin. Estimation of soil moisture trends and vegetation carrying capacity on the Loess Plateau[D]. Xianyang: Research Center for Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, 2019.
[18] 李继伟, 邓蕾, 上官周平. “双碳”目标下水土保持碳汇计量、监测与评估的思考[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(2): 154-158. Li Jiwei, Deng Lei, Shangguan Zhouping. Thoughts on the measurement, monitoring and evaluation of carbon sink in soil and water conservation under the perspective of “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 22(2): 154-158.
[19] Liu L C, Zhou W, Guan K Y, et al. Knowledge-guided machine learning can improve carbon cycle quantification in agroecosystems[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15: 357.
[20] 中国产业调研网. 2024—2030年中国水土保持及生态建设工程市场现状全面调研与发展趋势报告[EB/OL]. [2026-06-18]. https://www.cir.cn/5/21/ShuiTuBaoChiJiShengTaiJianSheGon.html. China industry research network. Market status and development trend report of Chinas soil and water conservation and ecological construction projects(2024-2030)[EB/OL]. [2026-06-18]. https://www.cir.cn/5/21/ShuiTuBaoChiJiShengTaiJianSheGon.html.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed