黄河下游最大支流大汶河水质污染现状及生态风险评估

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2025.084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为系统剖析黄河下游最大支流大汶河的水质污染现状与生态风险,本研究基于流域工农业布局特征与水文演变规律,在大汶河干流关键断面(包含上游源头、中游城市带及下游入黄口)科学布设10个具有代表性的采样点,运用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS),针对磺胺类(SAs)、四环素类(TCs)、喹诺酮类(QNs)、大环内酯类(MLs)4类抗生素污染物,以及全氟化合物(PFAS),硝基苯酚类(NPs)污染物开展污染特征解析。研究采用风险熵值法(risk quotient, RQ)评估模型,结合污染物环境归趋及生物毒性数据,定量探究不同污染物的复合生态风险效应。结果显示,大汶河干流中4类抗生素污染物的生态风险存在显著差异:SAs与MLs检出浓度较高,RQ值表明其生态风险不容忽视;TCs和QNs含量相对较低,处于可接受生态风险区间;PFAS虽整体浓度不高,但在多个采样点已达到低风险等级,其潜在的生物累积效应值得重点关注;NPs污染物浓度普遍处于较低水平,未表现出显著的生态风险。

关键词: 抗生素, 全氟化合物, 硝基苯酚, 风险熵值

Abstract: To systematically assess the water pollution characteristics and ecological risks of the Dawen River, the largest tributary in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin, this study established 10 representative sampling sites at key cross-sections along the mainstem. These sites span critical zones including the headwaters, midstream urban zones, and downstream confluence with the Yellow River, which were strategically selected based on industrial distribution patterns and hydrological dynamics within the watershed. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was employed to conduct multi-matrix pollution characterization targeting the following priority contaminants: four antibiotic classes(Sulfonamides/SAs, Tetracyclines/TCs, Quinolones/QNs, and Macrolides/MLs), as well as Nitrophenols(NPs)and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances(PFAS). The combined ecological risk of various pollutants were quantitatively evaluated using the risk quotient(RQ)model, by integrating data on environmental fate and ecotoxicological properties of the contaminants. The study revealed significant differences in the level of ecological risks among four categories of antibiotics in the mainstem of the Dawen River: sulfonamides(SAs)and macrolides(MLs)exhibited elevated detection concentrations with higher RQs. In contrast, tetracyclines(TCs)and quinolones(QNs)showed substantially lower contamination levels with RQs consistently below 0.1, indicating negligible ecological risks below acceptable thresholds. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exhibited low overall concentrations across sampling sites, and detected PFAS levels reached low-risk thresholds, demanding heightened vigilance toward their bioaccumulation potential. In contrast, nitrophenols(NPs)demonstrated consistently negligible concentrations with risk quotients(RQs)of less than 0.01, indicating no significant ecological risks under the current contamination condition.

Key words: antibiotics, polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS), nitrophenols(NPs), risk quotient(RQ)

中图分类号:

X522

贾祥凤,张桂芹,刘德玲,魏小锋,陈飞勇. 黄河下游最大支流大汶河水质污染现状及生态风险评估[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2026, 61(10): 110-121.

JIA Xiangfeng, ZHANG Guiqin, LIU Deling, WEI Xiaofeng, CHEN Feiyong. Water quality status and ecological risk assessment of the Dawen River, the largest tributary in the lower reaches of the Yellow River[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2026, 61(10): 110-121.

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