不同海拔土壤养分变化及其对细菌群落的影响

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2026.094

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨海拔梯度下高寒草地土壤养分变化及其对细菌群落的影响,以青海省玉树藏族自治州3 900~4 500 m高寒草甸为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落结构与多样性特征,并结合冗余分析探究其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:不同海拔梯度下土壤细菌群落主要由13个优势菌门构成,其中变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门为主要优势类群。土壤细菌Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数沿海拔梯度呈单峰变化趋势,在4 200 m处达到较高水平,Simpson指数沿海拔梯度呈U型变化趋势,但整体差异未达到显著水平。群落结构分析表明,4 500 m处土壤细菌群落组成与其他海拔差异较大,且具有较多特有物种。相关性及冗余分析结果显示,土壤养分因子对细菌群落结构具有显著影响,其中全氮和海拔表现出较强的解释能力。功能预测结果表明,不同海拔土壤细菌群落核心代谢功能组成保持相对稳定。总体来看,高寒草地土壤细菌群落变化主要受土壤养分条件驱动,表现出结构可变而功能相对稳定的响应特征。

关键词: 海拔, 高寒草地, 土壤细菌, 影响因素

Abstract: To investigate the changes in soil nutrients and their effects on bacterial communities in alpine grasslands along an elevational gradient, this study examined alpine meadows at elevations ranging from 3 900 m to 4 500 m in the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the community structure and diversity characteristics of soil bacteria, and redundancy analysis(RDA)was used to explore their relationships with soil nutrients. The results showed that soil bacterial communities across different elevations were primarily composed of 13 dominant phyla, with Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Acidobacteriota being the main dominant groups. The Ace, Chao1, and Shannon indices of soil bacteria exhibited a unimodal pattern along the elevational gradient, reaching relatively high levels at 4 200 m, whereas the Simpson index showed a U-shaped trend; however, the overall differences were not statistically significant. Community structure analysis revealed that the composition of the soil bacterial community at 4 500 m differed considerably from that at other elevations and harbored a greater number of unique species. Correlation and redundancy analyses indicated that soil nutrient factors significantly influenced bacterial community structure, with total nitrogen and elevation demonstrating strong explanatory power. Functional prediction results suggested that the core metabolic functional composition of the soil bacterial communities remained relatively stable across different elevations. Overall, the changes in soil bacterial communities in alpine grasslands are primarily driven by soil nutrient conditions, exhibiting a response pattern characterized by variable structure yet relatively stable function.

Key words: elevation, alpine grassland, soil bacteria, influencing factors

中图分类号:

Q938

黄薇娟,谢惠春,戢爽,祁应莲. 不同海拔土壤养分变化及其对细菌群落的影响[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2026, 61(10): 145-157.

HUANG Weijuan, XIE Huichun, JI Shuang, QI Yinglian. Changes in soil nutrients along an elevational gradient and their effects on bacterial communities in alpine grasslands[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2026, 61(10): 145-157.

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