黄河流域典型城市地表水连通性变化与生态修复策略

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2026.109

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 济南市是黄河流域中心城市,是驰名中外的“泉城”,全面评估其地表水连通性的时空变化,识别关键影响因素,提出科学可行的优化路径,对提升其水资源流动性、改善水质、促进以泉水为核心的生态系统修复具有重要意义。本研究立足南山北水地貌格局,构建“结构连通-过程连通-功能连通”三维评价体系,综合利用遥感解译、地理空间分析等多源数据,系统揭示1985—2022年济南市地表水连通性的时空演变特征与驱动机制,并提出多尺度优化策略。实践上,将海绵城市建设理念融入路径设计,提出适用于北方岩溶型城市的保泉供水协同优化策略,为破解水资源供需矛盾提供技术范式。结果表明:近40年来,济南市的地表水连通性呈现波动上升的趋势;在空间上呈现出南部山区优于北部城区的格局,过渡带受农田水利工程影响,整体形成结构优化-功能提升的良性循环。生态修复工程缓解了城市连通性退化,但城市化扩张对水系格局的切割效应仍然存在。地理探测器定量归因表明,GDP和年降水量是解释连通性空间分异的主导因子,人类活动已成为影响连通性演变的主导因素。基于上述结论,本文针对性提出南部岩溶区封山育林与阶梯渗滤池修复地下水、北部平原疏浚河道与建设生态堰重构廊道、建成区推广海绵工程与智慧管理,促进蓝绿协同的差异化修复策略。

关键词: 济南市, 地表水连通性, 景观格局指数, 生态修复策略, 黄河流域

Abstract: Jinan, a central city in the Yellow River Basin and a renowned “City of Springs,” is characterized by a distinctive spring-centered water ecosystem. A comprehensive assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in its surface water connectivity, identification of the key influencing factors, and development of scientifically sound and feasible optimization pathways are of considerable significance for enhancing water circulation, improving water quality, and promoting the restoration of spring-centered ecosystems. Based on the geomorphological pattern characterized by mountains in the south and water systems in the north, this study established a three-dimensional evaluation framework integrating structural, process, and functional connectivity. Multi-source data, including remote sensing interpretation and geospatial analysis, were used to systematically reveal the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of surface water connectivity in Jinan from 1985 to 2022, and multi-scale optimization strategies were subsequently proposed. In practical terms, the concept of sponge city development was incorporated into the design of restoration pathways, and a coordinated optimization strategy for spring conservation and water supply in northern karst cities was proposed, providing a technical framework for addressing the imbalance between water supply and demand. The results showed that surface water connectivity in Jinan exhibited a fluctuating upward trend over the past four decades. Spatially, connectivity was generally higher in the southern mountainous areas than in the northern urban areas. Influenced by agricultural water conservancy projects, the transitional zone generally developed a positive cycle of structural optimization and functional improvement. Ecological restoration projects alleviated the degradation of urban water connectivity, although the fragmentation of the water network caused by urban expansion remained evident. Quantitative attribution analysis using geodetector indicated that GDP and annual precipitation were the dominant factors explaining the spatial differentiation of connectivity, and that human activities had become the principal driver of connectivity evolution. Based on these findings, differentiated restoration strategies were proposed, including mountain closure for afforestation and the construction of stepped infiltration basins to restore groundwater in the southern karst region; river dredging and ecological-weir construction to reconstruct water corridors in the northern plain; and the promotion of sponge-city projects and smart management in built-up areas to enhance blue-green coordination.

Key words: Jinan City, surface water connectivity, landscape pattern indices, ecological restoration strategies, Yellow River Basin

中图分类号:

X171.1

张学涵,韩美. 黄河流域典型城市地表水连通性变化与生态修复策略[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2026, 61(10): 201-212.

ZHANG Xuehan, HAN Mei. Changes in surface water connectivity and ecological restoration strategies in typical cities of the Yellow River Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2026, 61(10): 201-212.

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