基于低镉小麦品种筛选的农田土壤镉污染风险阻控研究

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2026.148

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选适宜重度镉(Cd)污染农田种植的低积累小麦品种,本研究选取山东省11个主栽小麦品种为材料,在典型重度污染区开展大田试验,测定小麦根、秸秆、籽粒的镉含量,计算富集系数(bioconcentration factor, BCF)与转运系数(translocation factor, TF),并结合产量进行综合评价。结果表明:所有小麦品种籽粒镉含量为0.364~0.904 mg·kg^-1,均超出GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》限值(0.1 mg·kg^-1);小麦品种间籽粒镉的BCF存在显著差异(p<0.05),BCF范围为0.105~0.252。在小麦籽粒镉BCF与产量各占50%权重下,系统聚类将11个品种分为3类。第一类为最佳品种:登海206(BCF-籽粒=0.105,理论产量为495.0 kg·667 m^-2)、济麦22(BCF-籽粒=0.121,理论产量为492.5 kg·667 m^-2)和山农47(BCF-籽粒=0.157,理论产量为519.2 kg·667 m^-2),3个品种兼具低镉与高产特性。第二类为一般品种:烟农1212、济麦44、济麦55、烟农215、山农48和烟农999。第三类为最差品种:山农28和山农38,其中山农38籽粒镉BCF最高(0.252),在镉污染耕地上应优先选用最佳品种。研究表明,登海206、济麦22和山农47可作为该区域优先推广的镉低积累兼高产品种,可使小麦籽粒镉含量分别降低59.7%、54.2%、34.8%;但重度污染条件下,仅靠低积累品种单一措施无法实现小麦的安全生产,需配套实施“低积累品种+农艺调控/土壤改良”联合安全利用技术模式,才能有效降低籽粒镉超标风险。本研究可为受污染耕地安全利用与种植结构调整提供基础数据和科学依据。

关键词: 小麦, 重度镉污染, 低积累品种, 富集系数, 产量

Abstract: To screen low-Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars suitable for severely Cd-polluted farmlands, 11 dominant wheat cultivars widely planted in Shandong Province were selected as test materials for this study. A field experiment was carried out in a typical severely Cd-contaminated area. Cd concentrations in wheat roots, straws and grains were measured; bioconcentration factors(BCF)and translocation factors(TF)were calculated, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by integrating grain yield. The results showed that grain Cd concentrations of all cultivars ranged from 0.364 to 0.904 mg·kg^-1, all exceeding the maximum permissible limit of 0.1 mg·kg^-1 specified in Chinese national standard GB 2762-2022. Grain Cd BCF differed significantly(p<0.05)among cultivars, ranging from 0.105 to 0.252. Systematic cluster analysis, with grain Cd BCF and yield each weighted at 50%, divided the 11 cultivars into three categories. Group I was high-quality cultivars including Denghai 206(grain BCF=0.105, theoretical yield=495.0 kg·667 m^-2), Jimai 22(grain BCF=0.121, theoretical yield=492.5 kg·667 m^-2)and Shannong 47(grain BCF=0.157, theoretical yield=519.2 kg·667 m^-2), which combined low Cd accumulation and high yield. Group II contained medium cultivars: Yannong 1212, Jimai 44, Jimai 55, Yannong 215, Shannong 48 and Yannong 999. Group III included inferior cultivars Shannong 28 and Shannong 38, and Shannong 38 exhibited the maximum grain Cd BCF(0.252). Thus, Group I cultivars should be preferentially planted in Cd-polluted farmlands. This study demonstrated that Denghai 206, Jimai 22 and Shannong 47 are priority-promotable high-yield and low-Cd-accumulating cultivars for the research region, which can reduce grain Cd concentrations by 59.7%, 54.2% and 34.8%, respectively. Nevertheless, single application of low-Cd cultivars cannot realize safe wheat production under severe Cd pollution. An integrated safe utilization technology system combining low-Cd cultivars with agronomic regulation and soil remediation is necessary to effectively reduce the risk of Cd overstandard in wheat grains. This study provides basic data and scientific basis for safe utilization of contaminated farmland and optimization of cropping structure.

Key words: wheat, severe cadmium pollution, low-accumulation variety, bioconcentration factor, yield

中图分类号:

吴英新,曹茜,徐明悦,刘晓晨,刘倩,闵建美,王晓娟,白利勇,戴九兰,黄现民. 基于低镉小麦品种筛选的农田土壤镉污染风险阻控研究[J]. 《山东大学学报(理学版)》, 2026, 61(10): 122-132.

WU Yingxin, CAO Xi, XU Mingyue, LIU Xiaochen, LIU Qian, MIN Jianmei, WANG Xiaojuan, BAI Liyong, DAI Jiulan, HUANG Xianmin. Study on risk mitigation of cadmium contamination in farmland soil based on screening of low-cadmium-accumulating wheat cultivars[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE), 2026, 61(10): 122-132.

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