JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY(NATURAL SCIENCE) ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 167-172.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-9352.0.2024.094

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Distance colorings of the semistrong product and the strong product of paths

TIAN Shuangliang, CHEN Ping   

  1. 1. College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China;
    2. College of Management, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
  • Published:2025-12-10

Abstract: A k-distance coloring of a graph G is a vertex coloring of G such that no two vertices lying at distance less than or equal to k in G are assigned the same color. The k-distance chromatic number of G, denoted χk(G), is the minimum number of colors needed for a k-distance coloring of G. The semistrong product of simple graphs G and H is the graph G·H with vertex set V(G)×V(H), in which (u,v) is adjacent to (u',v') if and only if either uu'∈E(G) and vv'∈E(H) or u=u' and vv'∈E(H). The strong product of simple graphs G and H is the graph GH with vertex set V(G)×V(H), in which (u,v) is adjacent to (u',v') if and only if uu'∈E(G) and vv'∈E(H), or u=u' and vv'∈E(H), or v=v' and uu'∈E(G). In this paper, for any integer k≥2, the k-distance chromatic numbers of the semistrong product and the strong product of two paths are obtained.

Key words: path, semistrong product, strong product, distance coloring, distance chromatic number

CLC Number: 

  • O157
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